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Building BIND 9

To build on a Unix or Linux system, use:

$ autoreconf -fi ### (only if building from the git repository)
$ ./configure
$ make

Several environment variables affect compilation, and they can be set before running configure. The most significant ones are:

Variable Description
CC The C compiler to use. configure tries to figure out the right one for supported systems.
CFLAGS The C compiler flags. Defaults to include -g and/or -O2 as supported by the compiler. Please include -g if CFLAGS needs to be set.
LDFLAGS The linker flags. Defaults to an empty string.

Additional environment variables affecting the build are listed at the end of the configure help text, which can be obtained by running the command:

$ ./configure --help

If using Emacs, the make tags command may be helpful.

Required Libraries

To build BIND 9, the following packages must be installed:

  • a C11-compliant compiler
  • libcrypto, libssl
  • liburcu
  • libuv
  • perl
  • pkg-config / pkgconfig / pkgconf

BIND 9.20 requires libuv 1.37.0 or higher; using libuv >= 1.40.0 is recommended. On older systems an updated libuv package needs to be installed from sources, such as EPEL, PPA, or other native sources. The other option is to build and install libuv from source.

OpenSSL 1.1.1 or newer is required. If the OpenSSL library is installed in a nonstandard location, specify the prefix using PKG_CONFIG_PATH.

To use a PKCS#11 hardware service module for cryptographic operations, PKCS#11 Provider (https://github.com/latchset/pkcs11-provider/tree/main) must be compiled, configured and used directly in the OpenSSL 3.x.

The Userspace RCU library liburcu (https://liburcu.org/) is used for lock-free data structures and concurrent safe memory reclamation.

On Linux, process capabilities are managed in user space using the libcap library (https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/libs/libcap/libcap.git/), which can be installed on most Linux systems via the libcap-dev or libcap-devel package.

To build BIND from the git repository, the following tools must also be installed:

  • autoconf (includes autoreconf)
  • automake
  • libtool

Optional Features

To see a full list of configuration options, run configure --help.

To improve performance, use of the jemalloc library (https://jemalloc.net/) is strongly recommended. Version 4.0.0 or newer is required when in use.

To support :rfc:`DNS over HTTPS (DoH) <8484>`, the server must be linked with libnghttp2 (https://nghttp2.org/). If the library is unavailable, --disable-doh can be used to disable DoH support.

To support the HTTP statistics channel, the server must be linked with at least one of the following libraries: libxml2 (http://xmlsoft.org) or json-c (https://github.com/json-c/json-c). If these are installed at a nonstandard location, then:

  • for libxml2, specify the prefix using --with-libxml2=/prefix,
  • for json-c, adjust PKG_CONFIG_PATH.

To support compression on the HTTP statistics channel, the server must be linked against zlib (https://zlib.net/). If this is installed in a nonstandard location, specify the prefix using --with-zlib=/prefix.

To support storing configuration data for runtime-added zones in an LMDB database, the server must be linked with liblmdb (https://github.com/LMDB/lmdb). If this is installed in a nonstandard location, specify the prefix using --with-lmdb=/prefix.

To support MaxMind GeoIP2 location-based ACLs, the server must be linked with libmaxminddb (https://maxmind.github.io/libmaxminddb/). This is turned on by default if the library is found; if the library is installed in a nonstandard location, specify the prefix using --with-maxminddb=/prefix. GeoIP2 support can be switched off with --disable-geoip.

For DNSTAP packet logging, libfstrm (https://github.com/farsightsec/fstrm) and libprotobuf-c (https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers) must be installed, and BIND must be configured with --enable-dnstap.

To support internationalized domain names in :iscman:`dig`, libidn2 (https://www.gnu.org/software/libidn/#libidn2) must be installed. If the library is installed in a nonstandard location, specify the prefix using --with-libidn2=/prefix or adjust PKG_CONFIG_PATH.

For line editing in :iscman:`nsupdate` and :iscman:`nslookup`, either the readline (https://tiswww.case.edu/php/chet/readline/rltop.html) or the libedit library (https://www.thrysoee.dk/editline/) must be installed. If these are installed at a nonstandard location, adjust PKG_CONFIG_PATH. readline is used by default, and libedit can be explicitly requested using --with-readline=libedit.

On some platforms it is necessary to explicitly request large file support to handle files bigger than 2GB. This can be done by using --enable-largefile on the configure command line.

Support for the “fixed” RRset-order option can be enabled or disabled by specifying --enable-fixed-rrset or --disable-fixed-rrset on the configure command line. By default, fixed RRset-order is disabled to reduce memory footprint.

The --enable-querytrace option causes :iscman:`named` to log every step while processing every query. The --enable-singletrace option turns on the same verbose tracing, but allows an individual query to be separately traced by setting its query ID to 0. These options should only be enabled when debugging, because they have a significant negative impact on query performance.

make install installs :iscman:`named` and the various BIND 9 libraries. By default, installation is into /usr/local, but this can be changed with the --prefix option when running configure.

The option --sysconfdir can be specified to set the directory where configuration files such as :iscman:`named.conf` go by default; --localstatedir can be used to set the default parent directory of run/named.pid. --sysconfdir defaults to $prefix/etc and --localstatedir defaults to $prefix/var.

macOS

Building on macOS assumes that the “Command Tools for Xcode” are installed. These can be downloaded from https://developer.apple.com/download/more/ or, if Xcode is already installed, simply run xcode-select --install. (Note that an Apple ID may be required to access the download page.)